Causas de muerte materna en la región de Callao, Perú. Estudio descriptivo, 2000-2015

Objective: To identify the causes of maternal mortality in the Callao Region between 2000 and 2015. Materials and methods: Case series study conducted in public and private healthcare institutions in the region of Callao in Perú. Overall, 131 women who met the selection criteria were included as cases of maternal mortality (MM). MM was defined as death of a woman during pregnancy, childbirth or the postpartum period (within the first 42 days after childbirth) in healthcare institutions in Callao. MM clinical-epidemiological records were reviewed. The analysis was performed using percent frequencies and means. Results: Of the causes of MM, 61.1 % were direct and 38.9 % were indirect. The most frequent direct causes were hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, obstetric bleeding and miscarriage. Average time between the onset of discomfort and the decision to ask for assistance was 20 minutes; mean time to arrive at the healthcare institution after making the decision was 20 minutes; and mean delay time between arrival to the institution and provision of care was 7 minutes. Of the total number of maternal deaths, 96.9 % occurred in a healthcare institution. Conclusion: The study showed that the causes of MM are mainly of a direct type, primarily due to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, obstetric bleeding and miscarriage, while indirect causes of MM were less frequent, consisting mainly of infectious causes.