Dietary supplementation with Chlorella peruviana improve the growth and innate immune response of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss fingerlings

Caren Arteaga Quico; Mauro Mariano Astocondor; Ronald Aquino Ortega

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.736117

Dietary supplementation with Chlorella peruviana improve the growth and innate immune response of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss fingerlings

Caren Arteaga Quico, Mauro Mariano Astocondor, Ronald Aquino Ortega

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

10 Scopus citations

Abstract

This study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation with Chlorella peruviana on growth, hematology and innate immune response of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss fingerlings. Two thousand four hundred rainbow trout fingerlings (0.57 ± 0.13 g and 3.72 ± 0.25 cm) were used and randomly distributed in 12 tanks at densities of 200 fingerlings per tank. Four treatments were evaluated with three replicates each: one control diet (0 g kg⁻¹) and three graded levels of Chlorella peruviana at 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 g kg⁻¹, for 107 days. By means of an analysis by polynomial orthogonal contrasts it was determined that dietary supplementation with C. peruviana significantly affected, specific growth rate (SGR) and serum lysozyme levels, which showed a linear order polynomial (LOP), while weight gain (WG), condition factor (K), leukocytes, lymphocytes number and complement activity levels (ACH50) showed a cubic order polynomial (COP), with optimal levels of 2.80–3.6 g kg⁻¹. And in regards to effect in feed conversion ratio (FCR), hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cell (RBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) was best explicated by second order polynomial (SOP), which the optimal supplementation level of C. peruviana was estimated at 4.50, 3.69, 3.67, 5.0, 3.70 and 3.79 g kg⁻¹ respectively. Inclusion of C. peruviana in diet of rainbow trout fingerlings improved the growth, physiological parameters and innate immune system, so that the supplementation in diets would have benefit for productive efficiency and resistance to bacterial infection. Thus, the results suggest that the optimal level of C. peruviana in the diet of rainbow trout is between 3.6 and 5.0 g kg⁻¹.

Original language	English
Article number	736117
Journal	Aquaculture
Volume	533
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.736117
State	Published - 25 Feb 2021

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The authors thank the Undergraduate Thesis Promotion Program of the Vice-Rector for Research and Postgraduate Studies of the National University of San Marcos and the Research Group Aquaculture and Nutrition of Aquatic Organisms. Also, to thank to Dr. M. Tavares-Dias from the Departament Embrapa of Amapá, Brasil for the carefully review of this manuscript and the researchers Martin Silvera y Fernando Loroña from Piscícola Center “El Ingenio”- Junin for the support and logistic assistance during the course of this study.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Elsevier B.V.

Keywords

Blood
Chlorella peruviana
Immunostimulant
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Performance

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10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.736117

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title = "Dietary supplementation with Chlorella peruviana improve the growth and innate immune response of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss fingerlings",

abstract = "This study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation with Chlorella peruviana on growth, hematology and innate immune response of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss fingerlings. Two thousand four hundred rainbow trout fingerlings (0.57 ± 0.13 g and 3.72 ± 0.25 cm) were used and randomly distributed in 12 tanks at densities of 200 fingerlings per tank. Four treatments were evaluated with three replicates each: one control diet (0 g kg−1) and three graded levels of Chlorella peruviana at 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 g kg−1, for 107 days. By means of an analysis by polynomial orthogonal contrasts it was determined that dietary supplementation with C. peruviana significantly affected, specific growth rate (SGR) and serum lysozyme levels, which showed a linear order polynomial (LOP), while weight gain (WG), condition factor (K), leukocytes, lymphocytes number and complement activity levels (ACH50) showed a cubic order polynomial (COP), with optimal levels of 2.80–3.6 g kg−1. And in regards to effect in feed conversion ratio (FCR), hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cell (RBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) was best explicated by second order polynomial (SOP), which the optimal supplementation level of C. peruviana was estimated at 4.50, 3.69, 3.67, 5.0, 3.70 and 3.79 g kg−1 respectively. Inclusion of C. peruviana in diet of rainbow trout fingerlings improved the growth, physiological parameters and innate immune system, so that the supplementation in diets would have benefit for productive efficiency and resistance to bacterial infection. Thus, the results suggest that the optimal level of C. peruviana in the diet of rainbow trout is between 3.6 and 5.0 g kg−1.",

keywords = "Blood, Chlorella peruviana, Immunostimulant, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Performance",

author = "{Arteaga Quico}, Caren and {Mariano Astocondor}, Mauro and {Aquino Ortega}, Ronald",

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AU - Mariano Astocondor, Mauro

AU - Aquino Ortega, Ronald

PY - 2021/2/25

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N2 - This study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation with Chlorella peruviana on growth, hematology and innate immune response of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss fingerlings. Two thousand four hundred rainbow trout fingerlings (0.57 ± 0.13 g and 3.72 ± 0.25 cm) were used and randomly distributed in 12 tanks at densities of 200 fingerlings per tank. Four treatments were evaluated with three replicates each: one control diet (0 g kg−1) and three graded levels of Chlorella peruviana at 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 g kg−1, for 107 days. By means of an analysis by polynomial orthogonal contrasts it was determined that dietary supplementation with C. peruviana significantly affected, specific growth rate (SGR) and serum lysozyme levels, which showed a linear order polynomial (LOP), while weight gain (WG), condition factor (K), leukocytes, lymphocytes number and complement activity levels (ACH50) showed a cubic order polynomial (COP), with optimal levels of 2.80–3.6 g kg−1. And in regards to effect in feed conversion ratio (FCR), hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cell (RBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) was best explicated by second order polynomial (SOP), which the optimal supplementation level of C. peruviana was estimated at 4.50, 3.69, 3.67, 5.0, 3.70 and 3.79 g kg−1 respectively. Inclusion of C. peruviana in diet of rainbow trout fingerlings improved the growth, physiological parameters and innate immune system, so that the supplementation in diets would have benefit for productive efficiency and resistance to bacterial infection. Thus, the results suggest that the optimal level of C. peruviana in the diet of rainbow trout is between 3.6 and 5.0 g kg−1.

AB - This study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation with Chlorella peruviana on growth, hematology and innate immune response of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss fingerlings. Two thousand four hundred rainbow trout fingerlings (0.57 ± 0.13 g and 3.72 ± 0.25 cm) were used and randomly distributed in 12 tanks at densities of 200 fingerlings per tank. Four treatments were evaluated with three replicates each: one control diet (0 g kg−1) and three graded levels of Chlorella peruviana at 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 g kg−1, for 107 days. By means of an analysis by polynomial orthogonal contrasts it was determined that dietary supplementation with C. peruviana significantly affected, specific growth rate (SGR) and serum lysozyme levels, which showed a linear order polynomial (LOP), while weight gain (WG), condition factor (K), leukocytes, lymphocytes number and complement activity levels (ACH50) showed a cubic order polynomial (COP), with optimal levels of 2.80–3.6 g kg−1. And in regards to effect in feed conversion ratio (FCR), hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cell (RBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) was best explicated by second order polynomial (SOP), which the optimal supplementation level of C. peruviana was estimated at 4.50, 3.69, 3.67, 5.0, 3.70 and 3.79 g kg−1 respectively. Inclusion of C. peruviana in diet of rainbow trout fingerlings improved the growth, physiological parameters and innate immune system, so that the supplementation in diets would have benefit for productive efficiency and resistance to bacterial infection. Thus, the results suggest that the optimal level of C. peruviana in the diet of rainbow trout is between 3.6 and 5.0 g kg−1.

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KW - Immunostimulant

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DO - 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.736117

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SN - 0044-8486

VL - 533

JO - Aquaculture

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M1 - 736117

ER -

Dietary supplementation with Chlorella peruviana improve the growth and innate immune response of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss fingerlings

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

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