Drivers of phylogenetic structure in Amazon freshwater fish assemblages

Laís Salgueiro; Fernanda A.S. Cassemiro; James S. Albert; Renata G Frederico; Max Hidalgo; Bernard Hugueny; Céline Jézéquel; Hernan Ortega; Pablo A. Tedesco; Gislene Torrente-Vilara; Jansen Zuanon; Thierry Oberdorff; Murilo S. Dias

doi:10.1111/jbi.14300

Drivers of phylogenetic structure in Amazon freshwater fish assemblages

Laís Salgueiro, Fernanda A.S. Cassemiro, James S. Albert, Renata G Frederico, Max Hidalgo, Bernard Hugueny, Céline Jézéquel, Hernan Ortega, Pablo A. Tedesco, Gislene Torrente-Vilara, Jansen Zuanon, Thierry Oberdorff, Murilo S. Dias

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Aim: Phylogenetic relatedness among species can provide useful information on the diversification history and past dispersal events that may have shaped contemporary assemblages. Here, using of the most comprehensive fish occurrence database currently available and a global molecular phylogeny of ray-finned fishes, we evaluate the respective roles of historical and contemporary processes in generating and maintaining fish assemblage phylodiversity patterns among 97 sub-drainages covering the Amazon River basin. Location: Amazon River basin. Taxon: Freshwater fishes. Methods: Using a large comprehensive database of freshwater fish species distributions, and a global molecular phylogeny of ray-finned (actinopterygian) fishes, we estimated historical and contemporary environmental effects on sub-drainage fish phylodiversity patterns using three phylogenetic metrics standardized for richness effect: Phylogenetic Diversity (ses.PD), Mean pairwise Phylogenetic Distance between species capturing patterns at older evolutionary timescales (ses.MPD), and Mean Nearest Taxon Distance capturing patterns at younger evolutionary timescales (ses.MNTD). Results: We found significant effects of elevation gradients, contemporary climate, and water types on assemblage phylodiversity patterns. Furthermore, we found significant relationships among the three phylogenetic metrics used, and between these metrics and the distance of sub-drainages to the Amazon River mouth, representing the Amazon basin West-East longitudinal gradient. Main conclusions: Phylogenetic diversity showed a highly non-random spatial distribution across the Amazon basin. Beyond significant regional effects of several contemporary and historical drivers, there was a significant West-East decline in sub-drainage assemblages phylogenetic clustering, along with an increase in phylogenetic diversity. These latter patterns suggest deeper evolutionary divergences among taxa located to the East, and more recent radiations in the Western sub-drainages. Based on these findings and given that assemblages are, on average more species-rich in sub-basins of the Western part of the basin than in their Eastern relatives, we conclude that Western Amazon can be seen as an evolutionary “cradle” of biodiversity for freshwater fishes.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	310-323
Number of pages	14
Journal	Journal of Biogeography
Volume	49
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.14300
State	Published - Feb 2022

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This paper is dedicated to J. Maldonado‐Ocampo, who passed away during a sampling expedition in the Río Vaupés (Colombia). L.S. thanks CNPq and PPG‐Ecologia/UnB for funding and support. This research benefited from support from the ERANet‐LAC ( www.eranet‐lac.eu/ ) “AmazonFish” (ELAC2014/ DCC‐0210) project. We thank the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago and the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation (Grant G‐1607–151047) for having mobilized data for AmazonFish in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. French Laboratories of Excellence “CEBA” (ANR‐10‐LABX‐25–01) and “TULIP” (ANR‐10‐LABX‐41 and ANR‐11‐IDEX‐0002–02) are also acknowledged. M.S.D. thanks CNPq (150784/2015‐5), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Distrito Federal (FAPDF, #00193.00001819/2018‐75, #00193.00000002/2019‐61), and Universidade de Brasília (UnB/DPI/DGP, #02/2021) for funding. T.O., B.H. and P.A.T. thank the CEBA project “EMERGENCE.” All data were collected through the AmazonFish project ( www.amazon‐fish.com ). No specific permit was needed to carry out the present work.

Funding Information:
This paper is dedicated to J. Maldonado-Ocampo, who passed away during a sampling expedition in the R?o Vaup?s (Colombia). L.S. thanks CNPq and PPG-Ecologia/UnB for funding and support. This research benefited from support from the ERANet-LAC (www.eranet-lac.eu/) ?AmazonFish? (ELAC2014/ DCC-0210) project. We thank the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago and the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation (Grant G-1607?151047) for having mobilized data for AmazonFish in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. French Laboratories of Excellence ?CEBA? (ANR-10-LABX-25?01) and ?TULIP? (ANR-10-LABX-41 and ANR-11-IDEX-0002?02) are also acknowledged. M.S.D. thanks CNPq (150784/2015-5), Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Distrito Federal (FAPDF, #00193.00001819/2018-75, #00193.00000002/2019-61), and Universidade de Bras?lia (UnB/DPI/DGP, #02/2021) for funding. T.O., B.H. and P.A.T. thank the CEBA project ?EMERGENCE.? All data were collected through the AmazonFish project (www.amazon-fish.com). No specific permit was needed to carry out the present work.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Keywords

Amazon drainage basin
West-East gradient
habitat fragmentation
historical contingencies
marine incursion
phylogenetic relatedness
water type

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title = "Drivers of phylogenetic structure in Amazon freshwater fish assemblages",

abstract = "Aim: Phylogenetic relatedness among species can provide useful information on the diversification history and past dispersal events that may have shaped contemporary assemblages. Here, using of the most comprehensive fish occurrence database currently available and a global molecular phylogeny of ray-finned fishes, we evaluate the respective roles of historical and contemporary processes in generating and maintaining fish assemblage phylodiversity patterns among 97 sub-drainages covering the Amazon River basin. Location: Amazon River basin. Taxon: Freshwater fishes. Methods: Using a large comprehensive database of freshwater fish species distributions, and a global molecular phylogeny of ray-finned (actinopterygian) fishes, we estimated historical and contemporary environmental effects on sub-drainage fish phylodiversity patterns using three phylogenetic metrics standardized for richness effect: Phylogenetic Diversity (ses.PD), Mean pairwise Phylogenetic Distance between species capturing patterns at older evolutionary timescales (ses.MPD), and Mean Nearest Taxon Distance capturing patterns at younger evolutionary timescales (ses.MNTD). Results: We found significant effects of elevation gradients, contemporary climate, and water types on assemblage phylodiversity patterns. Furthermore, we found significant relationships among the three phylogenetic metrics used, and between these metrics and the distance of sub-drainages to the Amazon River mouth, representing the Amazon basin West-East longitudinal gradient. Main conclusions: Phylogenetic diversity showed a highly non-random spatial distribution across the Amazon basin. Beyond significant regional effects of several contemporary and historical drivers, there was a significant West-East decline in sub-drainage assemblages phylogenetic clustering, along with an increase in phylogenetic diversity. These latter patterns suggest deeper evolutionary divergences among taxa located to the East, and more recent radiations in the Western sub-drainages. Based on these findings and given that assemblages are, on average more species-rich in sub-basins of the Western part of the basin than in their Eastern relatives, we conclude that Western Amazon can be seen as an evolutionary “cradle” of biodiversity for freshwater fishes.",

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note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.",

year = "2022",

month = feb,

doi = "10.1111/jbi.14300",

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T1 - Drivers of phylogenetic structure in Amazon freshwater fish assemblages

AU - Salgueiro, Laís

AU - Cassemiro, Fernanda A.S.

AU - Albert, James S.

AU - Frederico, Renata G

AU - Hidalgo, Max

AU - Hugueny, Bernard

AU - Jézéquel, Céline

AU - Ortega, Hernan

AU - Tedesco, Pablo A.

AU - Torrente-Vilara, Gislene

AU - Zuanon, Jansen

AU - Oberdorff, Thierry

AU - Dias, Murilo S.

PY - 2022/2

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N2 - Aim: Phylogenetic relatedness among species can provide useful information on the diversification history and past dispersal events that may have shaped contemporary assemblages. Here, using of the most comprehensive fish occurrence database currently available and a global molecular phylogeny of ray-finned fishes, we evaluate the respective roles of historical and contemporary processes in generating and maintaining fish assemblage phylodiversity patterns among 97 sub-drainages covering the Amazon River basin. Location: Amazon River basin. Taxon: Freshwater fishes. Methods: Using a large comprehensive database of freshwater fish species distributions, and a global molecular phylogeny of ray-finned (actinopterygian) fishes, we estimated historical and contemporary environmental effects on sub-drainage fish phylodiversity patterns using three phylogenetic metrics standardized for richness effect: Phylogenetic Diversity (ses.PD), Mean pairwise Phylogenetic Distance between species capturing patterns at older evolutionary timescales (ses.MPD), and Mean Nearest Taxon Distance capturing patterns at younger evolutionary timescales (ses.MNTD). Results: We found significant effects of elevation gradients, contemporary climate, and water types on assemblage phylodiversity patterns. Furthermore, we found significant relationships among the three phylogenetic metrics used, and between these metrics and the distance of sub-drainages to the Amazon River mouth, representing the Amazon basin West-East longitudinal gradient. Main conclusions: Phylogenetic diversity showed a highly non-random spatial distribution across the Amazon basin. Beyond significant regional effects of several contemporary and historical drivers, there was a significant West-East decline in sub-drainage assemblages phylogenetic clustering, along with an increase in phylogenetic diversity. These latter patterns suggest deeper evolutionary divergences among taxa located to the East, and more recent radiations in the Western sub-drainages. Based on these findings and given that assemblages are, on average more species-rich in sub-basins of the Western part of the basin than in their Eastern relatives, we conclude that Western Amazon can be seen as an evolutionary “cradle” of biodiversity for freshwater fishes.

AB - Aim: Phylogenetic relatedness among species can provide useful information on the diversification history and past dispersal events that may have shaped contemporary assemblages. Here, using of the most comprehensive fish occurrence database currently available and a global molecular phylogeny of ray-finned fishes, we evaluate the respective roles of historical and contemporary processes in generating and maintaining fish assemblage phylodiversity patterns among 97 sub-drainages covering the Amazon River basin. Location: Amazon River basin. Taxon: Freshwater fishes. Methods: Using a large comprehensive database of freshwater fish species distributions, and a global molecular phylogeny of ray-finned (actinopterygian) fishes, we estimated historical and contemporary environmental effects on sub-drainage fish phylodiversity patterns using three phylogenetic metrics standardized for richness effect: Phylogenetic Diversity (ses.PD), Mean pairwise Phylogenetic Distance between species capturing patterns at older evolutionary timescales (ses.MPD), and Mean Nearest Taxon Distance capturing patterns at younger evolutionary timescales (ses.MNTD). Results: We found significant effects of elevation gradients, contemporary climate, and water types on assemblage phylodiversity patterns. Furthermore, we found significant relationships among the three phylogenetic metrics used, and between these metrics and the distance of sub-drainages to the Amazon River mouth, representing the Amazon basin West-East longitudinal gradient. Main conclusions: Phylogenetic diversity showed a highly non-random spatial distribution across the Amazon basin. Beyond significant regional effects of several contemporary and historical drivers, there was a significant West-East decline in sub-drainage assemblages phylogenetic clustering, along with an increase in phylogenetic diversity. These latter patterns suggest deeper evolutionary divergences among taxa located to the East, and more recent radiations in the Western sub-drainages. Based on these findings and given that assemblages are, on average more species-rich in sub-basins of the Western part of the basin than in their Eastern relatives, we conclude that Western Amazon can be seen as an evolutionary “cradle” of biodiversity for freshwater fishes.

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KW - West-East gradient

KW - habitat fragmentation

KW - historical contingencies

KW - marine incursion

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Drivers of phylogenetic structure in Amazon freshwater fish assemblages

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

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