Efecto de hongos formadores de micorrizas arbusculares en clones de Coffea arabica, variedad caturra en Perú

The effect of 12 inoculants of native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was tested on the morphological characteristics of clonal coffee plants (Coffea arabica L.) caturra variety, in a greenhouse experiment carried out in the province of Rodríguez de Mendoza, Amazon region - Peru. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, with three repetitions and thirteen treatments. Mycorrhizal fungi were isolated from coffee farms and multiplied with trap crops (Zea mays L.); in the same way, the coffee clones were rooted and simultaneously sowed and inoculated with 1500 spores, in sterilized substrate. The inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was profitable. The treatments T1 (San Nicolás inoculum - I, typical variety), T10 (Omia - V inoculum, typical variety) and T11 (Omia - VI inoculum, caturra variety) were the most efficient in the increase of height, aerial dry matter, dry matter radicular and foliar area, showing significant differences with respect to the control. The origin of the AMF determined the root colonization and the extra-radicular mycelium, being the first relatively low; nevertheless, it was observed that the treatments T1, T10 and T11 showed higher values in intensity and frequency of root colonization. This study showed that coffee is a crop dependent of the symbiotic association with AMF, helping in the absorption of nutrients and water, for the growth and development of plants.