TY - JOUR
T1 - First report of okadaic acid and pectenotoxins in individual cells of dinophysis and in scallops argopecten purpuratus from PERú
AU - Alcántara-Rubira, Alex
AU - Bárcena-Martínez, Víctor
AU - Reyes-Paulino, Maribel
AU - Medina-Acaro, Katherine
AU - Valiente-Terrones, Lilibeth
AU - Rodríguez-Velásquez, Angélica
AU - Estrada-Jiménez, Rolando
AU - Flores-Salmón, Omar
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2018/12
Y1 - 2018/12
N2 - Causative species of Harmful Algal Bloom (HAB) and toxins in commercially exploited molluscan shellfish species are monitored weekly from four classified shellfish production areas in Perú (three in the north and one in the south). Okadaic acid (OA) and pectenotoxins (PTXs) were detected in hand-picked cells of Dinophysis (D. acuminata-complex and D. caudata) and in scallops (Argopecten purpuratus), the most important commercial bivalve species in Perú. LC-MS analyses revealed two different toxin profiles associated with species of the D. acuminata-complex: (a) one with OA (0.3–8.0 pg cell −1 ) and PTX2 (1.5–11.1 pg cell −1 ) and (b) another with only PTX2 which included populations with different toxin cell quota (9.3–9.6 pg cell −1 and 5.8–9.2 pg cell −1 ). Toxin results suggest the likely presence of two morphotypes of the D. acuminata-complex in the north, and only one of them in the south. Likewise, shellfish toxin analyses revealed the presence of PTX2 in all samples (10.3–34.8 µg kg −1 ), but OA (7.7–15.2 µg kg −1 ) only in the northern samples. Toxin levels were below the regulatory limits established for diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) and PTXs (160 µg OA kg −1 ) in Perú, in all samples analyzed. This is the first report confirming the presence of OA and PTX in Dinophysis cells and in shellfish from Peruvian coastal waters.
AB - Causative species of Harmful Algal Bloom (HAB) and toxins in commercially exploited molluscan shellfish species are monitored weekly from four classified shellfish production areas in Perú (three in the north and one in the south). Okadaic acid (OA) and pectenotoxins (PTXs) were detected in hand-picked cells of Dinophysis (D. acuminata-complex and D. caudata) and in scallops (Argopecten purpuratus), the most important commercial bivalve species in Perú. LC-MS analyses revealed two different toxin profiles associated with species of the D. acuminata-complex: (a) one with OA (0.3–8.0 pg cell −1 ) and PTX2 (1.5–11.1 pg cell −1 ) and (b) another with only PTX2 which included populations with different toxin cell quota (9.3–9.6 pg cell −1 and 5.8–9.2 pg cell −1 ). Toxin results suggest the likely presence of two morphotypes of the D. acuminata-complex in the north, and only one of them in the south. Likewise, shellfish toxin analyses revealed the presence of PTX2 in all samples (10.3–34.8 µg kg −1 ), but OA (7.7–15.2 µg kg −1 ) only in the northern samples. Toxin levels were below the regulatory limits established for diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) and PTXs (160 µg OA kg −1 ) in Perú, in all samples analyzed. This is the first report confirming the presence of OA and PTX in Dinophysis cells and in shellfish from Peruvian coastal waters.
KW - Argopecten purpuratus
KW - D. acuminata-complex
KW - D. caudata
KW - Dinophysis
KW - Okadaic acid
KW - Pectenotoxins
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85057196081&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/toxins10120490
DO - 10.3390/toxins10120490
M3 - Artículo
C2 - 30477142
AN - SCOPUS:85057196081
SN - 2072-6651
VL - 10
JO - Toxins
JF - Toxins
IS - 12
M1 - 490
ER -