Relato ficcional y relato histórico: la primera novela peruana (1539)

Manco Inca’s rebellion to recover the vast territory of the Andes, which the Spaniards had turned into the Hispanic Kingdom of Peru just four years earlier, was an undertaking meticulously narrated by various Castilian writers of the 16th century in Peru. Contemporary narratives such as that of the irreproachable royal chronicler Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo, supported by very serious testimonies, coexist with other more imaginative narratives, albeit occasional, such as the one written in Cuzco in 1539 by Diego de Silva y Guzmán, the son of the novelist Feliciano de Silva —the one of “la razón de la sinrazón” [The reason for the unreason] in the first lines of Don Quixote—. In this paper we confront these two modes of narration of our early Spanish writers, i.e., that of the stories (not free of fantasy) where the aim is to tell the truth and that of those where fiction overflows the writer and the text becomes pure literary discourse. This is the drama of a good part of the colonial texts, and its intellection is urgent in the light of the advances of the modern theory of fiction and the theory of literary genres.