Células madre del cáncer: Su participación en el cáncer mamario triple negativo

The breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women in the worldwide and it is considered as a public health problem. It is a heterogeneous disease with a high degree of diversity within the tumor, among tumors and also between in the patients. Within the subtypes of the breast cancer, the triple negative type is one of the most devastating cancers, with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Its current treatment is a challenge due to the loss of targets. The carcinogenesis that prevails today is based on the stochastic model, but recently, the cancer stem cell model is an alternative theory that proposed that there is a sub-population of the cancer cells capable of self-renewal and the multiline age differentiation which is responsible of the tumor regeneration, that could explain the heterogeneous lineages of the cancer cells and thus may play an important role in the initiation, the maintenance and the dissemination of cancer. In this work paper we review the most relevant current knowledge about the cancer stem cells in the triple negative breast cancer tumor subtype, focusing on the markers used to identify these cell populations and their use as a prognostic indicator of this disease, as well as their possible the participation in the carcinogenesis of this type of the breast cancer.