Green-to-red light tuning by up-conversion emission via energy transfer in Er^{3 +}-Tm^{3 +}-codoped germanium-tellurite glasses

The luminescence properties through up-conversion emission process of Er^{3 +}-Tm^{3 +}-codoped germanium-tellurite glasses was carefully investigated by using UV-visible-near-infrared absorption spectroscopy, emission spectroscopy and lifetime measurement under near-infrared laser diode excitation at 976 nm. The glass samples were prepared by the conventional melt-casting technique. The Er^{3 +} and Tm^{3 +} ions act in this glass matrix as donor and acceptor, respectively, and can generate under 976 nm laser excitation a visible emission tunable from the green to the red color by varying the Tm^{3 +} ion concentration. Two mechanisms are involved to obtain this up-conversion emission and its tunability from the green to the red light: (i) the excited state absorption (ESA) of Erbium ions Er^{3 +}:(⁴I_11/2 → ⁴F_7/2) and; (ii) the energy transfers (ETs) between Erbium Er^{3 +} and Thulium Tm^{3 +} ions. Such processes were studied by means of quantum efficiency and ET probability. It was verified that both of them depend on the Tm^{3 +} ion concentration. The relative intensity of the red emission was increased up to 2.6 times for the glasses containing 0.1 mol% and 1.0 mol% of Thulium oxide Tm₂O₃ if compared with the Erbium Er^{3 +} single doped glass. The spectroscopic study presented in this work has permitted to fully describe the color rendering, ranging from green to red through yellow and orange, of the light emitted by the Er^{3 +}-Tm^{3 +}-codoped germanium-tellurite glasses under a low power laser diode excitation at 976 nm (30 mW).