Ingeniería y ciencia de los materiales
Germanium
100%
Energy transfer
85%
Glass
59%
Erbium
58%
Tuning
58%
Ions
57%
Thulium
47%
Semiconductor lasers
30%
Laser excitation
22%
Emission spectroscopy
21%
Excited states
20%
Infrared absorption
19%
Quantum efficiency
19%
Infrared lasers
19%
Absorption spectroscopy
18%
Luminescence
18%
Color
17%
Infrared spectroscopy
16%
Oxides
10%
Casting
10%
Física y astronomía
germanium
66%
energy transfer
61%
tuning
56%
glass
43%
erbium
36%
thulium
30%
ion concentration
28%
excitation
24%
semiconductor lasers
19%
color
17%
ions
17%
infrared absorption
12%
infrared lasers
12%
absorption spectroscopy
11%
infrared spectroscopy
11%
quantum efficiency
11%
luminescence
9%
life (durability)
8%
oxides
7%
matrices
6%
spectroscopy
6%
lasers
5%
Compuestos químicos
Energy Transfer
63%
Glass
51%
Erbium
46%
Red
25%
Green
25%
Ion
24%
Excited State Absorption
17%
Light Red
15%
Emission Spectroscopy
14%
Absorption Spectroscopy
11%
Orange
10%
Luminiscence Type
8%
Donor
8%
Oxide
6%
Time
4%